1. Maternal Health: High rates of maternal mortality and morbidity, particularly in low-income countries, due to lack of access to proper prenatal care, skilled birth attendants, and safe delivery services.
2. Reproductive Rights: Limited access to contraception, safe abortion services, and education about sexual and reproductive health, leading to unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and reproductive health issues.
3. Gender-Based Violence: Widespread violence against women, including domestic violence, sexual assault, human trafficking, and harmful cultural practices such as female genital mutilation and child marriage.
4. HIV/AIDS and STIs: Women are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections due to biological factors, as well as social and economic inequalities that hinder access to prevention, treatment, and care services.
5. Non-communicable Diseases: Increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and mental health disorders, which can have severe consequences for women’s health and well-being.
6. Malnutrition: Lack of access to nutritious food and inadequate health care contributes to high rates of malnutrition in women, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding, leading to adverse health outcomes for both mothers and infants.
7. Access to Healthcare: Limited access to affordable and quality healthcare services, including primary healthcare, high-quality medical facilities, skilled healthcare providers, and essential medications, particularly in rural and marginalized communities.
8. Lack of Education: Limited access to education for girls and women, especially in developing countries, which can hinder their understanding of health issues, prevention measures, and their ability to make informed health decisions.
9. Mental Health: Gender-specific mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and postpartum depression, compounded by social and cultural stigmas associated with seeking help, limited access to mental health services, and gender-based violence.
10. Inequalities and Discrimination: Persistent gender inequalities, socio-cultural norms, and discrimination contribute to disparities in healthcare, employment, education, and decision-making power, adversely affecting women’s health and well-being globally.